CodingGyan

Formatted Output

easy Programming Basics

Problem

Read a name, an age (whole number) and a price (decimal number) on one line. Print two lines. Line 1: Name: <name>, Age: <age>, Price: <price with 2 decimals>. Line 2: the name in a field of 8 characters, left aligned, then the price in a field of 10 characters, right aligned, with 2 decimals, each field in square brackets. Example: [Asha ][ 49.50].

Constraints

  • The name has no spaces

Examples

Input

Asha 21 49.5

Output

Name: Asha, Age: 21, Price: 49.50
[Asha    ][     49.50]

Solutions

Best approachTime O(1)Space O(1)

Format codes control how a value is written: the number of decimals, the width of a field, and the alignment. Java uses printf with % codes, Python uses f-strings, JavaScript uses toFixed, padEnd and padStart. Note: for values such as 7.005 (which cannot be stored exactly) Java rounds differently from JavaScript and Python, so avoid tie values when you compare outputs.

Same code works in Java810172125Basic features only, so nothing changes between versions.
/*
 * Problem : Print values with formatting.
 * Input   : A name, an age and a price on one line.
 * Output  : Two lines: a summary line and an aligned line.
 * Approach: Use the format feature of the language.
 * Time    : O(1)
 * Space   : O(1)
 * Java    : 8 or newer.
 */
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Step 1: Locale.US makes the scanner and the formatter use a dot as the decimal separator.
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in).useLocale(Locale.US);
        String name = scanner.next();
        int age = scanner.nextInt();
        double price = scanner.nextDouble();

        // Step 2: %s is for text, %d is for a whole number, %.2f is for a decimal number with 2 digits. %n starts a new line.
        System.out.printf(Locale.US, "Name: %s, Age: %d, Price: %.2f%n", name, age, price);

        // Step 3: %-8s means: text, 8 characters wide, aligned to the left. %10.2f means: 10 characters wide, aligned to the right.
        System.out.printf(Locale.US, "[%-8s][%10.2f]%n", name, price);
    }
}
Hints (2)
  1. Which format code writes a decimal number with 2 digits?
  2. What is the difference between left and right alignment?

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